MUC5AC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with a low risk of diabetes (Shin et al., 2014), obesity (Everard et al., 2013), and high inflammation (Ganesh et al., 2013), based on its unique mucin-degrading capacity that functions to strengthen the integrity of the host's gut barrier (Guo et al., 2017).