CD4 and cancer: Furthermore, the release of antiangiogenic chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, and aberrant expression of αvβ3 integrin caused by CD4+ T cells, which resulted in decreased formation of tumor vessel, also contributed to the induction of cancer dormancy, suggesting that the immune system could be involved in cancer dormancy, not only through immune mechanisms but also through non-immune mechanisms such as regulating tumor angiogenesis (26).