PR-1 overexpression as well as in vitro studies using spore germination or infection structure differentiation as readouts indicated that PR-1 proteins might show antimicrobial activity (Alexander et al., 1993; Niderman et al., 1995; Rauscher et al., 1999; Sarowar et al., 2005; Kiba et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene TMEM37 and infection.