Despite any evidence of cardiac hypertrophy in the R120G mice at 1 m (Wang et al., 2001b), myocardial phosphorylated forms of mTOR and of known mTORC1 targets, such as p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K) and 4E-BP1, as well as their total protein levels were markedly increased, indicative of increased mTORC1 activity, as compared with their NTG littermates at 1 m (Figures 2A–C). This evidence concerns the gene RPS6KB1 and cardiac hypertrophy.