CCN1 and cancer: Of the 58 genes screened by analysis of gene ontology functional annotation based on hallmarks of cancer including apoptosis, anti-proliferation, and cell death, nine genes (GADD45B, PMAIP1, XAF1, CYR61, IL24, ATF3, DLC1, RHOB, and TNFAIP3) have been reported to act as tumor suppressive genes in several cancer types (Table 2).