TNF and malaria: The inflammatory condition of malaria is characterized by free radical generation, activation of phospholipase activity resulting in generation of eicosanoids (prostaglandins) and other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interlekun-1β (IL-1β), which up regulate expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) that is involved in the binding of the parasitized red blood cells to the vascular endothelium [69].