Inhibitors of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on activated T lymphocytes and its ligand (PD-L1), expressed on cancer cells, have significantly improved the overall survival (OS) of previously treated [2,3,4,5] and previously untreated metastatic NSCLC when given alone or in combination with chemotherapy [6,7,8]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.