CEH can regulate intestinal microenvironmental disorders caused by chemotherapy by adjusting the structure and function of intestinal microbes, activating TLR4-MYD88 innate immune signaling, activating the death receptor signaling interactive pathway, altering the esophageal cancer chemotherapeutic response, as well activating death receptors TNFR by the respective ligands to induce apoptosis. Here, TLR4 is linked to esophageal cancer.