MMP9 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Lee et al. showed that CAPE (12.5 μM) inhibited the invasion and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix degradation and development of metastasis) in HCC cells (SK-Hep1) blockade of NFkB (protein complex responsible for the regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9) (16).