ESR1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Our results showed that the heterozygous genotypes TC and AG of the ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared with control individuals (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, respectively), while, the frequencies of C and G alleles of the ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms, respectively, were comparable among cases and controls (P > 0.05) (Table 2).