Altered microbiota composition in this model was characterised by an increase in the abundance of members of the Firmicute phylum which was sustained all the way through fibrotic development.65 In IPF patients, dysbiotic lung bacterial communities correlated with increased levels of profibrotic cytokines and growth factors (IL‐1β, CXCL8, MIP‐1a, GCSF, VEGF, EGF) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.65 Taken together, these studies suggest that alterations to the lung microbiome, potentially secondary to dysregulation of innate immune responses, may drive the progression of lung fibrosis. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.