CXCL8 and influenza: Based on the previous study showing inhibition of IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-8 or their cognate receptors was beneficial in the treatment of influenza, a monocyte cell line U937 capable of secreting IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-8 during influenza virus infection was used to identify inhibitors against cytokine responses induced by influenza virus infection from six potent compounds, all of which have not been reported in anti-influenza field but were demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in other inflammation models.