It is also well-established that women with PCOS have underlying chronic low grade inflammation associated with high levels of inflammatory markers especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)—that are independent of obesity (15). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.