Previous studies have demonstrated that Aβ oligomers promote neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD brain and in animal models of AD by eliciting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia (Ledo et al., 2016; Businaro et al., 2018) and also by interfering with the synthesis of TGF-β1 (Diniz et al., 2017). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.