HMGB1 and Sepsis: Hsp70 and HMGB1 are classical DAMPs and have been extensively investigated (Asea et al., 2000; Muhammad et al., 2008), whereas the inflammation-inducing DAMP property of extracellular CIRBP is a recent observation that has been shown to perpetuate the inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock and sepsis patients (Qiang et al., 2013).