PRKN and Parkinson disease: Genes associated with early-onset PD include α-synuclein (PARK1), parkin (PARK-2), PINK1 (PARK6), DJ-1 (PARK7) and ATP13A2 (PARK9), while those linked with late-onset PD include LRRK2 (PARK8) and VPS35 (PARK-17) (Dawson et al., 2010; Roth, 2014).