Similarly, AD cellular phenotypes were observed in PSEN1 patient derived self-organizing cerebral organoids cultured for over a 100 days in a spinning bioreactor (Lancaster et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2015; Gonzalez et al., 2018), as well as in iPSC-derived neural organoids with APP duplications (APP Dpp1-1 and APP Dpp2-3) and PSEN1 mutation (PSEN1A264E) (Raja et al., 2016). Here, PSEN1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.