Recently, immune checkpoint blockades targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown dramatic effect in various tumour types, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial carcinoma.2–5. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.