To further examine whether the cord blood changes in preeclampsia were persistent, we examined the CD4+CD45RA+Foxp3+ thymic-derived naive Treg cells at birth, 6 and 12 months and 4 years of age from the BIS cohort, an Australian birth cohort study (n = 1064 mothers/1074 infants31, patient characteristics are shown in Supplementary Table 4). Here, CD4 is linked to preeclampsia.