TLR isozymes in vascular cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and macrophages, recognize endogenous and exogenous ligands and trigger the expression of downstream proinflammatory molecules, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and metalloprotease (MMP), leading to atherosclerosis. Here, CCL2 is linked to atherosclerosis.