Treatment with CNPs also caused a decrease in the mRNA expression of the antioxidant genes, HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1 compared to those seen in the diabetic group and the authors also a positive correlation between Nrf2 and HO-1, GCLC, or NQO1, which suggests a critical role of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response in mediating the underlying mechanisms associated the protective effect of CNPs in diabetes testes. Here, HMOX1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.