CD274 and neoplasm: Moreover, independent immune-related biomarkers that are currently used, such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)10,11 and tumor mutation burden (TMB),12 have achieved clinical relevance for a selection of patients to some extent, but to our knowledge, they are still far from clear and established,13,14 which warrants the development of an integrated tumor microenvironment–based signature with multiple parameters to maximize treatment effects and guide suitable strategies.