IARS1 and Insulin resistance: Obesity and inflammation increase the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein 1 and protein 3 in liver and inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS, leading to the insulin resistance (Rui, Yuan, Frantz, Shoelson, & White, 2002; Ueki, Kondo, & Kahn, 2004).