Despite the lack of adaptive immune responses that may mediate the beneficial responses to Lactobacillus species, fly autochthonous bacteria, such as L. plantarum, but also pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, induce regenerative inflammatory signaling via the highly conserved JNK and STAT pathways, as part of the host defense response against intestinal infection [11, 117-119]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to digestive system infectious disorder.