Specifically, we showed that NAMPT levels in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) were upregulated in patients with PAH and that NAMPT promoted proliferation of hPAECs and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) via autocrine and paracrine effects, respectively9. This evidence concerns the gene NAMPT and pulmonary arterial hypertension.