CUX2 and gout: We compared the ORs for each locus in the present GWAS (gout vs AHUA) with those in the previous GWAS25 (gout vs normouricaemia): that is, the 3 loci identified in this study (‘AHUA to gout’ loci; CNTN5, MIR302F and ZNF724) and 10 previously identified risk loci25 (‘normouricaemia to gout’ loci; ABCG2, SLC2A9, CUX2, SLC22A12, GCKR, SLC17A1, HIST1H2BF-HIST1H4E, CNIH-2, NIPAL1 and FAM35A) (figure 5 and online supplementary table S3).