It is particularly instructive to compare this model with our own more recently published model of T-ALL [167], where AMPK-α1 had been specifically knocked out in T-cell progenitors prior to lymphomas starting to occur, in which basal AMPK was clearly protecting against development of lymphomas, and in which activation of AMPK using phenformin provided further protection. Here, PRKAB1 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.