IFNG and infection: The activated JAK1 and JAK2 further phosphorylate STAT1 to form homodimers naming gamma activated factor (GAF), which is transported into the nucleus and binds to the gamma interferon activated site (GAS) elements to initiate transcription of IFN-γ-regulated antiviral genes which play a significant role in host innate immune response against pathogen infection [9,11,18].