The expression of other classic cardiac hypertrophic genes, such as those encoding ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), α-sarcomeric actin, interleukin 6, and regulator of calcineurin (CaN) 1.4 (Rcan1.4), and fibrotic genes, such as those for the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen-1 (Col-1), and collagen-3 (Col-3) were also upregulated in the cardiac tissue of WT mice subjected to TAC compared to the sham group, while CTRP3 deficiency exaggerated this effect (Fig. 1j). Here, TGFB1 is linked to persistent truncus arteriosus.