STAT1 and ulcerative colitis: Allicin was demonstrated to inhibit the activation of the AP-1/NF-κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, which alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice [150].