GIP and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia-induced attenuation of glucagon secretion may be even more complex due to extra-pancreatic signals such as the glucagonostatic effect of GLP-1 or the glucagonotropic effects of GLP-2 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), all three of which are secreted in response to the ingestion of carbohydrates.