The same study demonstrated that LF-derived cathepsin B (CTSB) induced SCD1 overexpression in B16F10 cells via annexin A2 (ANXA2) and the PI3K/Akt/mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is critical for cellular metabolism and cancer progression [29]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.