VIP and Dravet syndrome: VIP-INs also have a role in regulating the response of the cerebral cortex to ascending cholinergic neuromodulatory input from the basal forebrain (Alitto and Dan, 2012; Fu et al., 2015; Kawaguchi, 1997; Porter et al., 1999), and hence are involved in higher-order functions such as attention, memory, and cognitive processing, all of which are impaired in DS (Dravet and Oguni, 2013).