We found that in human and rodent PIN lesions, IL-17RC levels are elevated to enhance IL-17A-induced activation of nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1⁄2 (ERK1/2) pathways to increase chemokine/cytokine expression (34). Here, IL17A is linked to prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.