In addition, ATM directly phosphorylates and stabilizes p53 which transcriptionally regulates various regulators of the autophagic pathway including AMPk (energy sensor and autophagy activator) in colon cancer cells and during spermatogenesis, DAPK1 (death-associated protein kinase 1 or regulator of cell death and autophagy), and PTEN (phosphatase and tumor suppressor) in hepatocarcinoma cells and other cancer cell lines [51–53]. Here, DAPK1 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.