Mukherjee et al. (1998) reported that the ICa-L density was reduced by over 25% after 3 weeks of pacing with no marked change in the kinetic parameter, which is consistent with our findings. Our data demonstrated that ICa-L density decreased significantly in the LV myocardial cells in HF rats. However, the dynamic characteristics of ICa-L were not affected. These results indicate that the amount of functional Ca2+ channels might be affected. Here, CA2 is linked to hydrops fetalis.