FBXO32 and Atrophy: In multiple types of muscle atrophy, protein synthesis is attenuated with the upregulation of ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), and several autophagy markers including LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), cathepsin L and beclin5,6.