At the same time the stromal cells may influence the AML cells through soluble mediators or cell–cell contact with ligation of cell surface molecules, followed by downstream signaling (involving kinases and G-protein initiated signaling), and finally NFκB mediated modulation of cytokine/chemokine expression [48,49,50,51,52]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.