PPIA and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, disruption of cyclophilin A (CypA) or treatment with the CypA-inhibitor cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant, enhanced replication of the HEV GT3 Kernow-C1/p6 strain in hepatoma cells and HLCs [36,108], but had no effect on non-adapted isolates of HEV GTs 1-4 in HLCs [36].