Furthermore, since nitric oxide can also activate Rac1 [95], several nitric oxide releasing molecules have been analyzed for their protective effect against oxidative stress, and VP10/39 (caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivative) has been shown to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative stress [96]; however, the effect of such molecules on diabetic retinopathy remains to be investigated. Here, RAC1 is linked to diabetic retinopathy.