IFNG and bacterial infectious disease: Unfortunately, patients with adult-onset immunodeficiency, which is characterized by defects in IFN-γ signaling commonly caused by the generation of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (autoAbs) and partly due to inherited mutations in IFN-γ-signaling-associated factors, usually acquire a variety of bacterial infections, such as infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Cryptococcus neoformans, Penicillium marneffei, and nontyphoidal Salmonella spp.