To facilitate this field of study, we here provide a systematic review of the effects of psychosocial factors focusing on alexithymia, depression, anxiety, negative emotions, and perceived stress, and sex hormones, focusing on estrogens, progesterone, androgens, and prolactin (PRL), in SLE, and explore the mechanisms contributing to these associations. The gene discussed is PRL; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.