As therapeutic targets for hepatic inflammation or fibrosis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 are representative cytokines known to correlate positively with severe NASH and advanced fibrosis [59, 60]. A. orientale extract reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 increased in tunicamycin or palmitate-treated HepG2 cells and livers of high-fat diet or tunicamycin-injected mice [15]. Here, CCL2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.