IL1B and infection: Two lines of data in our study suggest that IL-1β release during NADase-deficient GAS infection in fact occur through more than one mechanism: (1) absence of P2X7 does not completely abrogate IL-1β release during nga(G330D) infection, but instead decreases levels to those observed during wt infection, and (2) the excess IL-1β that is released during nga(G330D) infection can be blocked by PEGs while the wt-induced release cannot.