In addition, another study showed that the culture of ex vivo differentiated human MoDCs (CD14+CD33+) in the presence of GM-CSF is capable of class II-mediated prominent immune epitopes of two auto-antigens [type II collagen (CII) and cartilage gp39 (HCgp39)] observed in the inflamed synovial joints of patients with RA (29). Here, CSF2 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.