TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: Our data also showed an increase in Bacteroides and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB, in the CRS group, and the downregulation of these cytokines after pretreatment with B. adolescentis, confirming that a decreased Bacteroides level may be a vital element in the anti-inflammatory effects of B. adolescentis.