Responding to RA-related cytokine stimulation such as IL-1β and TNF-α rather than other cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) or TLR-activating ligands (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands), DICER1 gene expression is significantly reduced at both the mRNA and protein levels in synoviocytes (Fig.  S2). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.