SMAD2 and Hepatic fibrosis: TGF‐β1 is the key mediator during the process of liver fibrosis and widely implicated in HSC activation, HSC proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production.33 Our results indicated that kaempferol down‐regulated the level of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 in a dose‐dependent manner.