IAPP and viral infectious disease: There are a few known factors that drive autoimmunity during infancy, such as so-called “natural apoptosis” or spontaneous cell death within the β-cell population, deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregates, microbiota alterations, or viral infection that specifically targets pancreatic β-cells and leads to islet cell death, which contribute to the formation of β-cell antigens, activation of dendritic cells (DC), and antigen presentation1,10–16.