Plasma cytokine elevation in DM is restricted to the setting of active TB disease since Kumar et al. reported that ESAT-6 or CFP10 stimulated CD4+ T cells from individuals with DM and latent TB infection have lower intracellular expression of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines compared to T cells from latently infected normoglycemic individuals (Kumar et al., 2016). Here, CD4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.